The The effect of sterilization time on oil loss into the condensate water of sterilizer in the crude palm oil industry
Keywords:
oil loss, oil processing, maximum condition, sterilization time
Abstract
Sterilization in the sterilizer unit is one of the important processes in the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry but it can cause oil loss in the palm fruit which reduces the oil yield if the sterilization process is carried out over time. Therefore, the sterilization time needs to be considered so that this study aims to analyze the effect of the length of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) sterilization time on oil loss in condensate water sterilizer on the industry of CPO and determine the maximum time in the Sterilizer. This study was conducted at a CPO plant in West Sumatra with a maximum standard of 1.2 % oil loss, the optimum sterilization time can be determined. This study uses a horizontal-type sterilizer through a triple-peak sterilization system. Peak pressure 1 is 1.2 bar; peak pressure 2 is 2.0 bar; and the triple peak pressure is 3.0 bar with a temperature of 130-140 °C. The time varies from 83 – 90 minutes. The results showed that the longer the sterilization time, the greater the percentage of oil loss. In conclusion, the maximum time in sterilizer is achieved under 87.4 minutes with an maximum oil loss standard of 1.2 %.
References
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Vincent, C. J., Shamsudin, R., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2014). Pre-treatment of oil palm fruits: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 143, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.06.022
Wae-hayee, M., Pakdeechot, S., Hanifarianty, S., & Suksuwan, W. (2022). Minimizing water consumption in oil palm sterilization using direct steaming: Effects of sterilization pressure and time. Journal of Food Engineering, 315, 110804. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2021.110804
Yosenov, H., Bachtiar, V. S., & Zulkarnaini, Z. (2023). Analysis of air pollution distribution in West Pasaman Regency effects of palm oil mills. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan, 6(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v6i2.33323
Zamanhuri, N. A., Rahman, N. A., & Bakar, N. F. A. (2022). Extraction of palm fatty acids from sterilized oil palm mesocarp by microwave technique: Optimization and kinetics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, S166–S173. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.02.127
bin Ab Hadi, A., Abd Wahab Mohammad, I., & Mohd Sobri Takriff, I. (2016). Determination of optimum sterilization condition based on calculated heat transfer rate for palm oil mill process. 11(13). www.arpnjournals.com
Foon, C. S., May, C. Y., Ngan, M. A., & Hock, C. C. (2004). Kinetics study on transesterification of palm oil. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 16(4), 19–29.
Foong, S. Z. Y., Lam, Y. L., Andiappan, V., Foo, D. C. Y., & Ng, D. K. S. (2018). A Systematic Approach for the Synthesis and Optimization of Palm Oil Milling Processes. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 57(8), 2945–2955. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.IECR.7B04788
Gold, I. L., Ikuenobe, C. E., Asemota, O., & Okiy, D. A. (2012). Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Production and Processing in Nigeria. Palm Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization, and Uses, 275–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-9818936-9-3.50013-7
Harun, M. Y., Che Yunus, M. A., Morad, N. A., & Ismail, M. H. S. (2015). An industry survey of the screw press system in palm oil mills: Operational data and malfunction issues. Engineering Failure Analysis, 54, 146–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENGFAILANAL.2015.04.003
Hikmawan, O., & Angelina, R. (2019). Pengaruh Variasi Waktu dan Tekanan terhadap Kehilangan Minyak pada Air Kondensat di Unit Sterilizer Pabrik Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Teknik Dan Teknologi, 14(28), 33–39.
Hock, T. K., Chala, G. T., & Cheng, H. H. (2020). An innovative hybrid steam-microwave sterilization of palm oil fruits at atmospheric pressure. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 60, 102289. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IFSET.2020.102289
Jusoh, N., Rosly, M. B., Othman, N., Raja Sulaiman, R. N., Mohamed Noah, N. F., & Kamarudin, K. S. N. (2020). Valorization of palm oil mill sterilization condensate via synergistic green reactive extraction of bioactive compounds. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 122, 205–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FBP.2020.05.006
Latif Mubarok, A., Sofwan, A., & Bismantolo, P. (2022). Analisa performa kerja sterilizer of crude palm oil analysis of the work performance of the sterilizer of crude palm oil (Vol. 6, Issue 1).
Mba, O. I., Dumont, M. J., & Ngadi, M. (2015). Palm oil: Processing, characterization and utilization in the food industry – A review. Food Bioscience, 10, 26–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FBIO.2015.01.003
Mohd Yusof, M. A. Bin, Chan, Y. J., Chong, C. H., & Chew, C. L. (2023). Effects of operational processes and equipment in palm oil mills on characteristics of raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A comparative study of four mills. Cleaner Waste Systems, 5, 100101. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLWAS.2023.100101
Muhammad, I. B., Husaini, Nurdin, A., Rauzatul, A., & Teuku, E. P. (2021). Failure analysis of the short drive shaft in a screw press machine. Key Engineering Materials, 892 KEM, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/KEM.892.74
Nik Norulaini, N. A., Ahmad, A., Omar, F. M., Banana, A. A. S., Md. Zaidul, I. S., & Ab. Kadir, M. O. (2008). Sterilization and extraction of palm oil from screw pressed palm fruit fiber using supercritical carbon dioxide. Separation and Purification Technology, 60(3), 272–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEPPUR.2007.08.024
Nugraha, I., Supriyanto, G., & Priyambada. (2023). Pengaruh Lama Waktu Penaikan Setiap Puncak Kehilangan Minyak (Oil Losses) pada Air Rebusan di PKS Adolina Sumatera Utara. Agroforetech, 1(3), 2040–2050.
Omar, A. K. M., Tengku Norsalwani, T. L., Asmah, M. S., Badrulhisham, Z. Y., Easa, A. M., Omar, F. M., Hossain, Md. S., Zuknik, M. H., & Nik Norulaini, N. A. (2018). Implementation of the supercritical carbon dioxide technology in oil palm fresh fruits bunch sterilization: A review. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 25, 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2018.03.021
Pakdeechot, S., Hanifarianty, S., & Wae-hayee, M. (2020). The Effects of Sterilization Time of FFB on Fruit-Bunch Separation and Crude Palm Oil Quality Using Direct Steaming. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics, 72(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.72.1.19
Parvand, S., & Rasiah, R. (2022). Adoption of advanced technologies in palm oil milling firms in malaysia: The role of technology attributes and environmental and organizational factors. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14010260
Primandari, S. R. P., Arafat, A., & Veny, H. (2021). Optimization of reducing waste cooking oil’s FFA content as biodiesel feedstock. Teknomekanik, 4(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012081
Romero-Guzmán, M. J., Jung, L., Kyriakopoulou, K., Boom, R. M., & Nikiforidis, C. V. (2020). Efficient single-step rapeseed oleosome extraction using twin-screw press. Journal of Food Engineering, 276, 109890. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2019.109890
Simarani, K., Hassan, M. A., Abd-Aziz, S., Wakisaka, M., & Shirai, Y. (2009). Effect of Palm Oil Mill Sterilization Process on the Physicochemical Characteristics and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 1(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbkr.2009.57.66
Tan, C. H., Lee, C. J., Tan, S. N., Poon, D. T. S., Chong, C. Y. E., & Pui, L. P. (2021). Red Palm Oil: A Review on Processing, Health Benefits and Its Application in Food. Journal of Oleo Science, 70(9), ess21108. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess21108
Thang, Y. M., Yunus, R., Mokhtar, M. N., Appleton, D. R., Asis, A. J., Kong, P. S., Teh, H. F., & Ariffin, A. A. (2021). Roles and Principles of Sterilisation Process in Palm Oil Mills. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology, 29(4). https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.29.4.26
Vincent, C. J., Shamsudin, R., & Baharuddin, A. S. (2014). Pre-treatment of oil palm fruits: A review. Journal of Food Engineering, 143, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.06.022
Wae-hayee, M., Pakdeechot, S., Hanifarianty, S., & Suksuwan, W. (2022). Minimizing water consumption in oil palm sterilization using direct steaming: Effects of sterilization pressure and time. Journal of Food Engineering, 315, 110804. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFOODENG.2021.110804
Yosenov, H., Bachtiar, V. S., & Zulkarnaini, Z. (2023). Analysis of air pollution distribution in West Pasaman Regency effects of palm oil mills. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan, 6(2), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v6i2.33323
Zamanhuri, N. A., Rahman, N. A., & Bakar, N. F. A. (2022). Extraction of palm fatty acids from sterilized oil palm mesocarp by microwave technique: Optimization and kinetics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, S166–S173. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATPR.2022.02.127
Published
2023-11-30
Section
Articles
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