Biodiesel production with DES (deep eutectic solvent) catalyst using used cooking oil feedstock through two-stage transesterification process
Keywords:
biodiesel, catalyst, deep eutectic solvent, transesterification, waste cooking oil
Abstract
Most of biodiesel in Indonesia is still produced by costly processed utilizing pricey catalysts and high grade fatty acid methyl esther (FAME). Low cost catalysts need to be invented in order to make biodiesel more affordable, while raw material also need to be obtained from low cost alternatives. such as broadly available waste cooking oil.This research used waste cooking oil as raw material in biodiesel transesterification process, utilizing DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent) K2CO3-gliserol, as alternative catalyst. The output was biodiesel with near SNI 7182:2015 criteria. Optimum biodiesel production was achieved in low 65 oC temperature while utilizing two step transesterification process using DES K2CO3-gliserol 5.5 % and 35 % methanol, whereas glycerol total was 0.32 % and methyl esther contain was 96.89 %.
References
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Khanwendal, S., Tailor, Y.K., and Kumar, M., (2016), Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/ catalyst systems in organic transformations, Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol 215:345–386
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Naser, J., Mjalli, F., Jibril, B., Al-Hatmi, S., and Gano, Z., (2013), Potassium Carbonate as a Salt for Deep Eutectic Solvents, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 4 (3):114-118
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Regina,O., Sudrajad H., and Syaflita D., (2018), Measurement of Viscosity Uses an Alternative Viscometer, Jurnal Geliga Sains, Vol. 6(2): 127-132.
Syahrul, K., Rezeki, S., and Valasara, V., (2021), Effect of Optimum Calcination Temperature on the Formation of Calcium Oxide from Duck Egg Shells as a Catalyst in the Synthesis of Coconut Oil into Biodiesel, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, (pp. 9-26).
Thoai, D. Y., Kumar, A. Prasertsit, K., and Tongurai, C., (2017), Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Process by The Determining of the Total Glycerol Content in Biodiesel, Energy Procedia, Vol. 138: 544-551.
Troter, D.Z., Todorović, Z.B., Stojanović, D.R.D., Stamenković, O., and Veljković, V.B., Application of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biodiesel production : A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol 61: 473–500
Wicakso, D., R., (2011), Synthesis of Biodiesel from Crude Palm Oil with Alumina Catalyst Result of Solid Waste Sludge Recovery from PDAM Intan Banjar, Info Teknik. Vol. 12(1):21-30.
Wiyata, (2021), Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil by Utilizing Duck Egg Shell Waste as a CaO Catalyst, Jurnal Pengabdian Vokasi, Vol. 2(1):69-74.
Zaki, M., Husni, H., Alam, P. N., Darmadi, Rosnelly, C. M., and Nurhazanah, (2019), Buta-buta Seed Oil Transesterification into Biodiesel on Heterogeneous Calcium Oxide (CaO) Catalyst, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 14(1):36-43.
Dzakiroh. A., Rahmadina. N., Syarif A., Fatria F., Rusnadi I., and Erlinawati E., (2021), Use of Deep Eutectic Solvent in Reducing Used Cooking Oil FFA and the Effect of Stirring Speed and Time, Jurnal Pendidikan dan teknologi Indonesia (JPTI), Vol 3(3): 125-129.
Dijkstra, A.J. (2005), The base-catalyzed, low-temperature interesterification mechanism revisited, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology vol. 107: 912 – 921
Dijkstra, A.J. (2008), Revisiting the mechanisms of low-temperature, base-catalysed ester interchange reactions, OCL Vol. 15(3): 208 – 212
Elma, M., Suhendra, S., A., and Wahyuddin, (2016), Process for Making Biodiesel from a Mixture of Coconut Oil and Used Cooking Oil, Jurnal Konversi Vol. 5(1): 8-17.
Esipovich, A., Danov, S., Belousov, A., and Rogozhin, A. (2014), Improving methods of CaO transesterification activity, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 395 : 225-233.
Esipovich, A., Rogozhin, A., Danov, S., Belousov, A., and Kanakov, E., (2018), The structure, properties and transesterification catalytic activities of the calcium glyceroxide, Chemical Engineering Journal, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.01.142.
Hayyan, A., Hashim, M A., Mjalli, F S., Hayyan, M., and AlNashef, I M., (2013), Industrial Crops and Products Journal, A novel ammonium based eutectic solvent for the treatment of free fatty acid and synthesis of biodiesel fuel, 46:392-398.
Husin, H., Abubakar, A., Ramadhani, S., Sijabat, C. F. B., and Hasfita, F, (2018), Coconut husk ash as heterogenous catalyst for biodiesel production from cerberamanghas seed oil, Matec Web of Conference, 197: 09008.
Jatyaraga, B. A., Atmadja L. K., Anggorowati D. A., and Setyawati H., (2016), Effect of Magnesium Silicate Mass (Magnesol) and Operation Time on the Biodiesel Purification Process, Jurnal Konversi, 4(1):1.
Kapuji, A., Hadi, S. and Arifin, Z., (2021), Biodiesel Process Production from Waste Cooking Oil, Jurnal Chemtech, Vol. 7(1):1-6.
Khanwendal, S., Tailor, Y.K., and Kumar, M., (2016), Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/ catalyst systems in organic transformations, Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol 215:345–386
Laila, L., and Oktavia, L., (2017), Experimental Study of Acid Number and Viscosity of Biodiesel Made from PT Smart Tbk Palm Oil Raw Material, Jurnal Teknologi Proses dan Inovasi Industri, Vol. 2(1): 27-31.
Manurung, R., Arief, A., and Hutauruk, G.R., (2018), Purification of red palm biodiesel by using K2CO3 based deep eutectic solvent (DES) with glycerol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD), AIP Conference Proceedings 1977, 020010.
Naser, J., Mjalli, F., Jibril, B., Al-Hatmi, S., and Gano, Z., (2013), Potassium Carbonate as a Salt for Deep Eutectic Solvents, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 4 (3):114-118
Ningtyas,D., P., Budhiyanti, S., A., and Sahubawa, L., (2013), The Effect of Alkaline Catalyst (NaOH) in the Transesterification Reaction Stage on the Quality of Biofuel from Sardine Fish Meal Oil, Jurnal Tekno Sains, Vol 2(2): 103-114.
Regina,O., Sudrajad H., and Syaflita D., (2018), Measurement of Viscosity Uses an Alternative Viscometer, Jurnal Geliga Sains, Vol. 6(2): 127-132.
Syahrul, K., Rezeki, S., and Valasara, V., (2021), Effect of Optimum Calcination Temperature on the Formation of Calcium Oxide from Duck Egg Shells as a Catalyst in the Synthesis of Coconut Oil into Biodiesel, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, (pp. 9-26).
Thoai, D. Y., Kumar, A. Prasertsit, K., and Tongurai, C., (2017), Evaluation of Biodiesel Production Process by The Determining of the Total Glycerol Content in Biodiesel, Energy Procedia, Vol. 138: 544-551.
Troter, D.Z., Todorović, Z.B., Stojanović, D.R.D., Stamenković, O., and Veljković, V.B., Application of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biodiesel production : A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews vol 61: 473–500
Wicakso, D., R., (2011), Synthesis of Biodiesel from Crude Palm Oil with Alumina Catalyst Result of Solid Waste Sludge Recovery from PDAM Intan Banjar, Info Teknik. Vol. 12(1):21-30.
Wiyata, (2021), Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil by Utilizing Duck Egg Shell Waste as a CaO Catalyst, Jurnal Pengabdian Vokasi, Vol. 2(1):69-74.
Zaki, M., Husni, H., Alam, P. N., Darmadi, Rosnelly, C. M., and Nurhazanah, (2019), Buta-buta Seed Oil Transesterification into Biodiesel on Heterogeneous Calcium Oxide (CaO) Catalyst, Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia dan Lingkungan, 14(1):36-43.
Published
2024-03-30
Section
Articles
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