Pengolahan limbah Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) menggunakan proses aerasi dalam kolom aerator plat berlubang
Keywords:
Aerasi, kolom plat berlubang, POME
Abstract
Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil terbesar Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di dunia. Namun industri ini menghasilkan limbah cair yang disebut Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) yang dapat mengakibatkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup. Teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengolah POME pada penelitian ini adalah Kolom Aerasi Plat Berlubang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh waktu aerasi terhadap kualitas POME ditinjau dari penurunan kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Nitrogen Total (N-Total) dan pH dalam POME. Rangkaian alat penelitian terdiri dari Kolom Aerator dengan tinggi 100 cm dan diameter 10 cm serta di dalam kolom aerator dipasang plat berlubang dengan diameter lubang 0,5 cm dengan jarak masing-masing plat 10 cm. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 24 jam selama rentang waktu 6 hari, untuk diukur nilai pH menggunakan metode elektrometri, pengukuran nilai COD menggunakan metode reflux dan nilai N-Total diukur berdasarkan metode Kjeldahl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik limbah POME sebelum proses aerasi memiliki nilai pH 5,73 dan mengandung COD dan N-Total yang sangat tinggi, yaitu berturut-turut 1.475,14 mg/L dan 91,12 mg/L yang melebihi ambang batas baku mutu lingkungan yang diizinkan. Kenaikan pH seiring dengan berjalannya waktu aerasi. Nilai pH tertinggi terjadi pada sampel POME I pada hari ke-5, yaitu 7,47. Semakin lama proses aerasi, maka kandungan COD dan N-Total akan semakin menurun, yaitu penurunan COD terbesar pada sampel POME II pada hari ke-6, sebesar 37,58 mg/L dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 97,45%. Penurunan kandungan N-Total terbesar terjadi pada sampel POME I di hari ke-6, yaitu sebesar 0,42 mg/L dengan persentase penurunan sebesar 99,54%.
References
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Zhang, S., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Luo, P., & Gu, H., 2018. A Modified Method for the Accurate Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in High Chloride Oilfield Wastewater. Open Journal of Yangtze Oil and Gas, 03(04): 263–277. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojogas.2018.34023
Amalia, R., Nurkhoiry, R., & Oktarina, S. D., 2020. Analisis Kinerja dan Prospek Komoditas Kelapa Sawit. Deplantation, 1(1): 1–12.
Andika, B., Wahyuningsih, P., & Fajri, R., 2020. Penentuan Nilai BOD Dan COD Sebagai Parameter Pencemaran Air Dan Baku Mutu Air Limbah Di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan. QUIMICA: Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Terapan, 2(1): 14–22.
Bala, J. D., Lalung, J., Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., Kaizar, H., & Ismail, N., 2018. Reduction of Organic Load and Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Aerobic Indigenous Mixed Microbial Consortium Isolated from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Water Conservation Science and Engineering, 3(3): 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-018-0043-9
Basopi, H., Andrio, D., & Jecky Asmura., 2020. Karaterisitik Buangan Akhir Pengolahan POME PT. XYZ. JOM FTEKNIK, 7(1): 1–3.
Batara, K., Zaman, B., & Oktiawan, W., 2017. Pengaruh Debit Udara Dan Waktu Aerasi Terhadap Efisiensi Penurunan Besi dan Mangan Menggunakan Diffuser Aerator Pada Air Tanah. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(1): 1–10.
Doltade, S. B., Yadav, Y. J., & Jadhav, N. L., 2022. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Using Oxidative Integrated Approach. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 40: 100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.02.004
Drewnowski, J., Remiszewska-Skwarek, A., Duda, S., & Łagód, G., 2019. Aeration Process In Bioreactors As The Main Energy Consumer In A Wastewater Treatment Plant. Review Of Solutions And Methods Of Process Optimization. Processes, 7(311): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7050311
Dyagelev, M. Y., Pavlov, I. I., Nepogodin, A. M., Grakhova, E. V., & Lapina, A. A., 2021. The Review Of Aeration Systems For Biological Wastewater Treatment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 839(4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042035
Elystia, S., Muria, R. S., & Anggraini, L., 2019. Removal Of COD And Total Nitrogen From Palm Oil Mill Effluent In Flat-Photobioreactor Using Immobilised Microalgae chlorella sp. Food Research, 3(2): 123–127. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.3(2).130
Farraji, H., Mohammadpour, R., & Zaman, N. Q., 2021. Post-Treatment Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Zeolite And Wastewater. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 33(1): 103–118. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2020.0077
Fitria, A. N., Gunawan, V. S., & Mardiah, M., 2021. Study of the Utilization of Palm Oil Industry Liquid Waste. Konversi, 10(1): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v10i1.10146
Giandadewi, D. S., Andarani, P., & Nugraha, W. D., 2017. Potensi Dampak Lingkungan Dalam Sistem Produksi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Mentah (Crude Palm Oli-CPO) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assesment (Eco-Indicator 99) (Studi Kasus PT. Sinar Mas Agro Resources And Technology Tbk). Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(1): 1–10.
Hasanudin, U., & Haryanto, A., 2018. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Recycling System for Sustainable Palm Oil Industries. Asian Journal of Environmental Biotechnology, 2(1): 52–62.
Ilmannafian, A.G., Lestari, E., & Khairunisa, F., 2020. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Filtrasi dan Fitoremediasi Menggunakan Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes). Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 21(2): 244–253. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v21i2.4012
Irawan, B., & Soesilo, N. I., 2021. Dampak Kebijakan Hilirisasi Industri Kelapa Sawit terhadap Permintaan CPO pada Industri Hilir. Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 12(1): 29–43.
Juliasih, N. L. G. R., & Amha, R. F., 2019. Analisis COD, DO, Kandungan Posfat Dan Nitrogen Limbah Cair Tapioka. Analit: Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, 4(01): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.23960/aec.v4.i1.2019.p65-72
Kahar, A., & Gunawan, R., 2019. Pengaruh Laju Alir Resirkulasi Pada Seeding Dan Aklimatisasi Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) Dalam Bioreaktor Anaerobik. Teknologi, 122–129.
Lanka, S., & Pydipalli, M., 2018. Reduction Of Organic Load From Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Selected Fungal Strains Isolated From POME Dump Sites. African Journal of Biotechnology, 17(36): 1138–1145. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2016.15821
Loretta, O. O., Ezeata, S.E., and Usman, E., 2016. In Vitro Biodegradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation, 7(4): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.1000361
Mohammad, S., Baidurah, S., Kobayashi, T., Ismail, N., & Leh, C. P., 2021. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Processes—A Review. Processes, 9(5): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9050739
Munfaridah, A., Saraswati, S. P., & Mahathir, J. S., 2022. Pengaruh Sistem Aerasi Intermittent terhadap Removal Organik dan Nitrogen pada Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Kamar Mandi Umum. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20(1): 102–114. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.1.102-114
Naswir, M., Gusti Wibowo, Y., Arita, S., Hartati, W., & Septiarini, L., 2019. Utilization Of Activated Bentonite To Reduce Nitrogen On Palm Oil Mill. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 3(4): 89–92.
Pashaei, R., Zahedipour-Sheshglani, P., Dzingelevičienė, R., Abbasi, S., & Rees, R. M., 2022. Effects Of Pharmaceuticals On The Nitrogen Cycle In Water And Soil: A Review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194(105): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-022-09754-7
Płuciennik-Koropczuk, E., & Myszograj, S., 2019. New Approach In COD Fractionation Methods. Water (Switzerland), 11(7): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071484
Putri, M.F, Sasmita, A., & Asmura, J., 2021. Pengaruh Ph Terhadap Evesiensi Air Limbah Grey Water Dengan Media Honeycomb. JOM FTeknik, 8(1): 1–4.
Rashwan, S. S., Dincer, I., & Mohany, A., 2021. A Journey Of Wastewater To Clean Hydrogen: A Perspective. International Journal of Energy Research, 45(5): 6475–6482. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6279
Sisnayati, S., Dewi, D. S., Apriani, R., & Faizal, M., 2021. Penurunan BOD, TSS, Minyak Dan Lemak Pada Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Proses Aerasi Plat Berlubang. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 27(2): 38–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36706/jtk.v27i1.559
Trisakti, B., Manalu, V., Taslim, I., & Turmuzi, M., 2015. Acidogenesis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent to Produce Biogas: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time and pH. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195: 2466–2474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.293
Winanti, W. S., Prasetiyadi, P., & Wiharja, W., 2019. Pengolahan Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) menjadi Biogas dengan Sistem Anaerobik Tipe Fixed Bed tanpa Proses Netralisasi. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 20(1): 143-150. https://doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v20i1.3248
Woraruthai, T., Kunno, J., Pongsopon, M., Yansakon, K., Phoopraintra, P., Chantiwas, R., Leartsakulpanich, U., Chaiyen, P., & Wongnate, T., 2020. Identification And Cultivation Of Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens From Palm Oil Mill Effluent For High Methane Production. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(13): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5618
Yosmaniar, Y., Novita, H., & Setiadi, E., 2018. Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Nitrifikasi Dan Denitrifikasi Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 12(4): 369-378. https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.4.2017.369-378
Yuna, R., & Mardina, V., 2019. Pengujian Karakteristik Kimia pada Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit di Pabrik X. Jurnal Biologica Samudra, 1(1): 1–8.
Yuniarti, D. P., Komala, R., & Aziz, S., 2019. Pengaruh Proses Aerasi Terhadap Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Di PTPN VII Secara Aerobik. Redoks, 4(2): 7–16.
Zhang, S., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Luo, P., & Gu, H., 2018. A Modified Method for the Accurate Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in High Chloride Oilfield Wastewater. Open Journal of Yangtze Oil and Gas, 03(04): 263–277. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojogas.2018.34023
Published
2022-11-17
Section
Articles
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