KEADAAN KAHAR AKIBAT COVID-19 DAN PENERAPANNYA DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Perjanjian kredit yang diberikan oleh bank, pada umumnya berisi klausul-klausul tentang hak dan kewajiban antara debitur dan kreditur. Namun, ada kalanya ketika debitur mengalami keadaan-keadaan yang diluar kendalinya sehingga menyebabkan ia tak dapat memenuhi prestasinya kepada kreditur. Keadaan tersebut lazim disebut sebagai keadaan kahar. Keadaan kahar sendiri terbagi menjadi dua yaitu keadaan kahar relatif dan absolut. Terkait dengan keadaan kahar yang disebabkan oleh pandemi Covid-19 maka perlu merujuk ke salah satu Keputusan Presiden No 12 tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Bencana Non-alam Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Sebagai Bencana Nasional yang pada intinya menyatakan bencana non-alam yang diakibatkan oleh penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) sebagai bencana nasional. Selain itu, pemerintah melalui Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) telah menerbitkan POJK 11/POJK.03/2020 tentang Stimulus Perekonomian Nasional Sebagai Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Coronavirus Disease 2019 yang membahas salah satunya adalah pemberian restrukturisasi kredit oleh lembaga perbankan. Serta untuk lembaga keuangan non perbankan, OJK juga menerbitkan POJK No. 14/POJK.05/2020 tentang Kebijakan Countercyclical Dampak Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 Bagi Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Nonbank. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan relevan terkait perjanjian kredit dan keadaan kahar itu sendiri. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah Indonesia sangat menaruh perhatian dan serius dalam menstimulus perkonomian Indonesia di masa pandemi ini, serta kebijakan-kebijakan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi angin segar bagi para pelaku usaha di Indonesia yang terdampak pandemi COVID-19 untuk dapat terus menjalankan usahanya.

Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Kredit, Pandemi COVID-19, Restrukturisasi

ABSTRACT: Credit agreements provided by banks generally contain clauses regarding rights and obligations between debtors and creditors. However, there are times when a debtor experiences circumstances beyond his control so that he cannot fulfill his performance to the creditor. This condition is commonly referred to as force majeure. The force majeur itself is divided into two, namely the relative and absolute force majeur. Regarding the force majeure caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, it is necessary to refer to one of the Presidential Decrees No.12 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Non-Natural Disasters for the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a National Disaster which essentially states a non-natural disaster. which was caused by the spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a national disaster. In addition, the government through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) has issued POJK 11/POJK.03/2020 concerning National Economic Stimulus as a Countercyclical Policy on the Impact of the Spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 which discusses one of which is the provision of credit restructuring by banking institutions. As well as for non-banking financial institutions, OJK also issued POJK No. 14/POJK.05/2020 concerning Countercyclical Policies on the Impact of the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 for Nonbank Financial Services Institutions. This research was conducted using a normative juridical research method by analyzing the applicable and relevant laws and regulations related to the credit agreement and the force majeure itself. The results of this research are that the Indonesian Government is very concerned and serious about stimulating the Indonesian economy during this pandemic, and these policies are expected to be a breath of fresh air for business actors in Indonesia who have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic to continue running their business.

Keywords: Credit Agreement, COVID-19 Pandemic, Restructurisation