Peletakan Dapur: Bentuk Ketertiban dalam Ketidakteraturan pada Kampung Kota
Abstract
Secara umum, hunian informal pada Kampung Kota sering mengalami adaptasi dan perubahan untuk mengakomodasi kegiatan penghuninya. Masyarakat pada permukiman informal secara alamiah mengubah atau menambahkan ruang pada huniannya tanpa adanya aturan baku yang mengikat, hal ini kerap memunculkan ketidakteraturan dan kekacauan dalam tatanan ruang. Pada kasus Kampung Muka, adaptasi ruang yang bebas semacam ini juga terjadi. Namun dalam beberapa hal seperti perletakan dan penambahan ruang servis ditemukan kecenderungan yang seragam pada pola adaptasi ruangnya. Masyarakat seolah memiliki aturannya sendiri dalam menata ruang servis, seperti dapur pada bagian luar hunian mereka. Adanya aturan atau kesepakatan yang muncul di masyarakat ini sangat menarik untuk didalami, mengingat masyarakat informal cenderung dianggap bebas dari aturan. Memahami fenomena kemunculan aturan yang mengikat adaptasi ruang kemudian menjadi penting, untuk melihat sejauh apa batasan dan fleksibilitas yang bisa diterapkan pada hunian padat penduduk dan masyarakat yang datang dari lingkungan informal. Studi ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data kualitatif berupa observasi terhadap perletakan spasial ruang dan kegiatan, serta interview mendalam terhadap responden. Pada akhirnya, studi berhasil mengidentifikasi bagaimana terjadinya dapur sebagai bentuk adaptasi ruang, serta faktor yang secara tersirat mengaturnya seperti luasan hunian, posisi hunian terhadap jalan, alasan keamanan, pertimbangan sirkulasi publik, dan kebutuhan penanda usaha. Sikap fleksibel masyarakat mengenai aturan ruang milik pribadi dan ruang publik, menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat perlu dilibatkan dalam perencanaan untuk meningkatkan efektifitas ruang hunian dan ruang publik.
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